Development conventions in Lula's mandates: an essay on political economy. This article analyses the different development proposals put forward during the two Lula Presidential mandates. It is argued that such proposals are structured as "development conventions", which involve different priorities and different solutions to the problem of structural transformation. Their analytical frame is also different as are the interest groups which uphold them. Therefore their epistemology must be placed in the political economy context. It is argued that, notwithstanding the weight gained by a "developmental" convention over the second mandate, a "stability" convention is still hegemonic and commands macroeconomic policies.

RESUMO O artigo analisa o desenvolvimento recente das políticas industriais e tecnológicas no Brasil em comparação com as adotadas nos principais países da OCDE. A primeira seção apresenta os antecedentes, apresentando uma breve descrição da evolução da economia global. A segunda seção apresenta o quadro analítico do artigo. Argumenta que atualmente existem quatro “agendas de política industrial”, derivadas de considerações teóricas e políticas - ultra-liberal, reformista liberal, neodesenvolvimentista e social-democrata. A terceira seção apresenta a evolução da política industrial e tecnológica brasileira durante os anos 90, examinando com mais detalhes a situação atual. A quarta seção apresenta as políticas seguidas pelos principais países da OCDE (Estados Unidos, Alemanha, Japão e Reino Unido), examinando sua evolução e focalizando o atual padrão de políticas. A última seção apresenta as principais conclusões do artigo.

ABSTRACT The paper analyses the recent development of industrial and technological policies in Brazil as compared to those adopted in the main OECD countries. The first section sets the background, presenting a brief description of the evolution of the global economy. The second section presents the analytical framework of the article. It argues that presently there are four “industrial policy agendas”, derived from theoretical and political considerations - ultra-liberal, reformist liberal, neo-developmental and social-democrat. The third section presents the evolution of the Brazilian industrial and technological policy during the nineties, examining in more detail the present situation. The fourth section presents the policies pursued by the main OECD countries (the United States, Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom), examining their evolution and focusing on the present pattern of policies. The last section presents the main conclusions of the paper.